Source: The Guardian

An Arizona state representative behind a new law that regulates deepfakes in elections used an artificial intelligence chatbot, ChatGPT, to write part of the law – specifically, the part that defines what a deepfake is.

Republican Alexander Kolodin’s bill, which passed unanimously in both chambers and was signed by the Democratic governor recently, will allow candidates in Arizona or residents to ask a judge to declare whether a supposed deepfake is real or not, giving candidates a way to debunk AI-generated misinformation.

Kolodin said he used the chatbot ChatGPT to help define what “digital impersonation” is for the bill in part because it was a fun way to demonstrate the technology. He provided a screenshot of ChatGPT’s response to the question of what a deepfake is, which is similar to language that is included in the bill’s definition.

“I am by no means a computer scientist,” Kolodin said. “And so when I was trying to write the technical portion of it, in terms of what sort of technological processing makes something a deepfake, I was kind of struggling with the terminology. So I thought to myself, well, let me just ask the subject matter expert. And so I asked ChatGPT to write a definition of what was a deepfake.”

That portion of the bill “probably got fiddled with the least – people seemed to be pretty cool with that” throughout the legislative process. ChatGPT provided the “baseline definition” and then “I, the human, added in the protections for human rights, things like that it excludes comedy, satire, criticism, artistic expression, that kind of stuff,” Kolodin said.

Kolodin has used ChatGPT in other lawmaking a couple times, he said, to help write the first drafts of amendments and save time. “​​Why work harder when you can work smarter,” Kolodin replied on Twitter when an Arizona reporter tweeted about his use of ChatGPT in the bill.

The federal government has not yet regulated the use of AI in elections, though groups have been pressuring the Federal Election Commission to do so because the technology has moved much faster than the law, creating concerns it could disrupt elections this year. The agency has said it expects to share more on the issue this summer.

The Federal Communications Commission, meanwhile, will consider whether to require disclaimers on AI-generated content on political ads running on radio and TV, the Associated Press reported Wednesday. The FCC previously made clear that AI-generated voices in robocalls, like an instance in which President Joe Biden’s voice was spoofed to New Hampshire voters, are illegal.

In the absence of federal regulations, many states have advanced bills to regulate deepfakes. It’s typically an area of rare bipartisan agreement.

Some bills have outlawed the use of deepfakes in political contexts in some instances, while others require disclosures that note whether the content is AI-generated. Kolodin’s bill takes a different approach to concern over deepfakes in elections than that of many other states considering how to regulate the technology.

Rather than outlaw or curb usage, Kolodin wanted to give people a mechanism to have the courts weigh in on the truthfulness of a deepfake. Having it taken down would be both futile and a first amendment issue, he said.

“Now at least their campaign has as a declaration from a court saying, this doesn’t look like it’s you, and they could use that for counternarrative messaging,” he said.

The bill does allow for a deepfake to be ordered removed, and the person could seek damages, if it depicts someone in a sexual act or nude, if the person in the deepfake is not a public figure and if the publisher knew it was false and refused to remove it. The Arizona bill also takes a different approach on disclaimers.

Rather than outright requiring them, as some state laws have, it says that a person bringing a potential court action wouldn’t have a case if the publisher of the digital impersonation had conveyed that the image or video was a deepfake or that its authenticity was in dispute, or whether it would be obvious to a reasonable person that it was a deepfake.

Kolodin said disclaimers carry speech concerns for him, too, because they cut into airtime or, in some cases, ruin the joke or the point of a message. He cited a recent instance where the Arizona Agenda, a local publication covering state politics, created a deepfake of the US Senate candidate Kari Lake, where it was obvious to a viewer that the video wasn’t real based on what Lake was saying. (Full disclosure: the reporter of this story was the co-founder of the Arizona Agenda, but is no longer involved.)

“Any reasonable person would have realised that [it was fake], but if you had a label on it, it would have ruined the joke, right?” Kolodin said. “It would have ruined the journalistic impact. And so I think a prescribed label is further than I wanted to go.”

In one instance in Georgia, a state representative trying to convince fellow lawmakers to approve a bill outlawing deepfakes in elections used an AI-generated image and audio of two people who opposed the bill, faking their voices to say they endorsed it.

Kolodin hopes his bill will become a model for other states because he has worried that well-intentioned efforts to regulate AI in elections could trample on speech rights.

“I think deepfakes have a legitimate role to play in our political discourse,” he said. “And when you have politicians regulating speech, you kind of have the fox guarding the hen house, so they’re gonna say, oh, anything that makes me look silly is a crime. I absolutely hope that other state legislators pick this up.”

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The post Arizona State Lawmaker Used ChatGPT To Write Part Of Law On Deepfakes appeared first on Asia Pacific Metalworking Equipment News | Manufacturing | Automation | Quality Control.

By Shivani Tanna and Rishabh Jaiswal in Bengaluru; Editing by Rashmi Aich and Vinay Dwivedi

(REUTERS): Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd said in an emailed statement to Reuters that it could use the building for future expansion but has not yet arrived on a final decision for a second chip manufacturing plant.

“In light of the strong customer demand we are seeing in TSMC’s advanced technology, we will consider adding more capacity in Arizona with a second fab based on operating efficiency and cost economic considerations,” the company said.

The Wall Street Journal first reported that TSMC’s investment in Arizona is expected to be around US$12 billion which it committed two years ago, citing sources.

Last year, Reuters reported TSMC’s plans to build more chipmaking factories in Arizona, including discussions about whether its next plant should be a more advanced which could make chips with 3-nanometer technology compared to the slower, less-efficient 5-nanometer tech used in the existing factory.

The United States has been encouraging foreign tech firms to manufacture in the country and has actively supported local research, development and manufacturing after passing its CHIPS Act.

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Siemens’ NX And Solid Edge Software Deliver Support For Full-Color 3D Printing Capabilities Through HP Multi Jet Fusion

With the latest releases, Siemens, a leader in digital innovation software; and HP, the global industry leader in 3D printing, will enable users of Siemens’ NX software and Solid Edge software to design and produce full-colour 3D-printed parts.

HP’s Jet Fusion 3D 300/500 series is the industry’s first 3D printing solution for the production of engineering-grade, functional parts in full colour, black or white—with voxel-level control—in a fraction of the time of other solutions.

The Jet Fusion 3D 300/500 series also supports leading colour file formats including 3MF, enabling designers to easily produce the colour parts they want with a reliable workflow. Users taking advantage of NX and Solid Edge for HP’s Multi Jet Fusion technology will have access to 3MF files ready for HP’s entire portfolio of printers including the industrial-grade HP Jet Fusion 4200/4210 and 300/500 solutions.

“Our users will now be able to apply the power and flexibility of Siemens’ NX and Solid Edge product design software to HP’s 3D printing technology, opening a world of new design possibilities with the availability of full-color parts,” said Tony Hemmelgarn, president and chief executive officer, Siemens PLM Software.

“We share HP’s vision that 3D printing is empowering companies to reinvent their product lifecycles to prosper and thrive in manufacturing’s all-digital future. Expanding our partnership with HP allows us to continue to elevate additive manufacturing for end-use parts at industrial scale,” Mr Hemmelgarn added.

The combination of the two leading digital manufacturing technologies dramatically expands the potential applications for Siemens’ market-leading digital innovation software and HP’s disruptive Multi Jet Fusion 3D printing technology. Customers will have the ability to quickly and economically prototype and produce new designs and end-part applications with advanced voxel capabilities. In addition, the collaboration creates new opportunities to accelerate the adoption of 3D printing at an industrial scale for customers and partners that participate in Siemens’ Additive Manufacturing Network.

“Adding the full-colour capabilities of HP’s expanded Multi Jet Fusion platform to Siemens’ market-leading design and manufacturing solutions creates an immense new set of possibilities for products and applications,” said Stephen Nigro, President of 3D Printing, HP Inc.

“It is exciting to deliver the power of our technologies to customers large and small, fundamentally changing the 3D printing end-to-end process, from design to prototyping and ultimately manufacturing.”

Multi Jet Fusion 3D Technology Showcased In Siemens’ Additive Manufacturing Experience Centre

HP’s Multi Jet Fusion 3D printing technology will also be showcased as a foundational 3D printing platform in Siemens’ Additive Manufacturing Experience Centre in Erlangen, Germany, which invites customers to discover the latest additive manufacturing technologies and their applications first-hand in a design and manufacturing showroom environment.

Siemens and HP share the objective to accelerate the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry, providing all of the necessary capabilities, from generative design for product innovation through 3D printing for industrial-scale manufacturing.

Through generative design, companies can automate innovative designs directly from functional requirements which can result in enhanced functional performance for parts and products. Using HP Multi Jet Fusion technology, companies can manufacture these innovative parts more economically at larger production volume.

Together, HP’s 3D printing solutions and Siemens’ technology combine in a single integrated solution that enables businesses to reimagine products, reinvent manufacturing and rethink business models.

Changing The Way The World Designs And Manufactures

Stephen Nigro, president of HP 3D Printing, joined Robert Jones, executive vice president of global sales and services for Siemens PLM Software, on the PLM Connection mainstage on 4 June 2018 to share more about these expanded offerings for Siemens’ PLM users.

The post HP And Siemens Expand Opportunities For 3D Design And Additive Manufacturing Innovation appeared first on Asia Pacific Metalworking Equipment News | Manufacturing | Automation | Quality Control.