Perspectives On Clean Energy And Their Supply Chains
The latest Energy Technology Perspectives 2023 report by International Energy Agency (IEA) places substantial spotlight on clean energy, and their technology supply chains.
The IEA released their Energy Technology Perspectives 2023 for tomorrow’s clean technology industries — a comprehensive analysis of global manufacturing of clean energy technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicle (EV) batteries, electrolysers for hydrogen and heat pumps, plus their global supply chains. It also projects how they are likely to evolve as the clean energy transition advances in the years ahead.
Beginning With Electric Vehicle (EV) Batteries
Sales of EVs doubled to 6.6 million in 2021 and exceeded 10 million in 2022. Of these, most were full battery EVs, accounting for over 70 percent, with hybrids taking the remaining as the latter caters for internal combustion engines (ICE). Though the production of EVs involves manufacturing of specialty components not used for ICE, the battery is the most critical component.
The rapid sales increase in EV, and Russia-Ukraine conflict have tested the resilience of battery supply chains, though output has managed to keep up with demand. Global demand for automotive Li-ion batteries doubled to 340 GWh in 2021.
China dominates the EV battery manufacturing and supply chain, except for metals mining to make cathode materials. Two thirds of global battery cell production, as well as some 80 percent of the cathode production and over 90 percent of anode material is in China.
Europe is responsible for 25 percent of EV production, but holds minimal in the supply chain apart from cobalt processing, which has a share of around 16 percent (mostly in Belgium and Finland). United States occupies 10 percent of EV and battery production capacity, while Korea and Japan have considerable shares of the supply chain downstream of raw material processing, particularly in cathode and anode material production.
Korea holds 13 percent of global cathode and 3 of anode material production capacity while Japan accounts for 14 percent (cathode) and 10 (anode). China exports significant amounts of EVs and batteries. The top five battery manufacturers, headquartered in Korea, China or Japan, hold over 50 percent of global manufacturing capacity, with Contemporary Amperex Technology Company Limited (CATL), holding around 15 percent.
Read more here —–> https://t.ly/epsx
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